Home  |  Catalogue | Fruit |  Information | What's New | Contact us |
Things to Do  |  Our Album  |  TestimonialsNewsletter  |
Mechanical fruit harvesting by Mr. Dave at DNA GardensDNA Gardens is on the leading edge with new cold, hardy, fruit varieties !

Information

About DNA Gardens
Articles
Export Requirements
FAQ
Links
Planting Instructions
Tissue Culture - What is it?
How we tissue Culture
Clonal 101

FAQ
Many questions are repeated.  Here is our attempt to help explain and add some clarity!

1) What is a clone and how are they propagated? 
A clone is any plant that is genetically the same as the parent plant.  A clone can be propagated several ways, the most common examples are; grafting, softwood cuttings, hardwood cuttings, and tissue culture.  Did you know that grafting is a common technique that horticulturists have used for centuries!?

2) Is a tissue cultured plant or “Clone” the same as a GMO plant?

 No, a tissue cultured plant is not the same as a GMO plant.  GMO, or genetically modified organism, is also known as transgenic.  This is when specific gene(s) from one species is introduced into a plant to change characteristics of that plant. Those genes can cross species, ie a gene from a fish introduced into a tomato plant.   One example of this is Round-Up Ready Canola, which has had genes introduced into the plant so that Round-Up will not kill it.  This is not the same as a hybrid or selected plant species that is bred to have traits from a parent plant such as color, fruit size, or hardiness.   Any plant can be a tissue culture candidate as along as there is a method to grow it in-vitro.  The plants that we choose to tissue culture are selected or hybrid plants with desirable traits that  occur through natural plant breeding processes.   Tissue Culture does not change those traits.

3) So, what is tissue culture?
We like to tell people that tissue culture is just old fashioned plant propagation but in a test tube.

4) Is tissue culture better than other methods of producing more plants?
We have observed that tissue culture invigorates the plants and makes them bloom and fruit at a younger age than they would if grown from seed.  We have produced fruiting saskatoon plants after one season of growth of our tissue culture plants!  Mind you, that is growing under optimum greenhouse conditions but there is no way that a seedling will do that!

5) Is there a difference between a plant that is a seedling and a plant that is a clone?
Yes, there is a difference between seedling and clones.  The differences can be slight to dramatic depending on the plant species and the selection process of the seed.  A good example is fruit trees, in particular, apples and their cousin, the Saskatoon berry (both pomoidieae subdivision).  Both of these plants require cross pollination to set fruit and create seed.  In fact, every seed will have genes from both parents.  Thus creating trees with DIFFERENT FRUIT . This is not new information.  Differences in quality was noted in 323 B.C. by Theophrastos, who expounded the attributes of budding, grafting and proper tree care for apples, and who also determined that seedling trees almost always produce inferior fruit.  There are times when the genetic diversity of a seedling is desirable, such as reforestation of reclamation of a natural area with native plants. 

But as agriculture has known for centuries, cloned trees will provide a more consistent, desirable crop necessary for a sustainable food source, as even the best quality F1 seed will still produce 30% undesirable trees.
1998 DNA Gardens Ltd - all rights reserved
DNA Gardens
Toll free phone:  1-8
66-NUPLANT   1-866-687-5268
Telephone: 403 773-2489
Fax: 403 773-2400
Email: office@dnagarden.com
Top photo: Dave Delidais and Don Armstrong combining fruit mechanically at DNA Gardens, 2006.